Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ): Historical Returns

Simulation Settings
Category: Stocks
Period: January 1928 - January 2025 (~97 years)
Consolidated Returns as of 31 January 2025
Live Update available for February 2025
Currency: USD
Inflation: US
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Results
30 Years
All (since January 1928)
Live
Inflation Adjusted:
Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ)
1.00$
Initial Capital
February 1995
14.51$
Final Capital
January 2025
9.33%
Yearly Return
19.55%
Std Deviation
-68.30%
Max Drawdown
65months
Recovery Period
1.00$
Initial Capital
February 1995
6.84$
Final Capital
January 2025
6.62%
Yearly Return
19.55%
Std Deviation
-69.68%
Max Drawdown
75months
Recovery Period
1.00$
Initial Capital
January 1928
730.52$
Final Capital
January 2025
7.03%
Yearly Return
19.62%
Std Deviation
-68.30%
Max Drawdown
65months
Recovery Period
1.00$
Initial Capital
January 1928
39.61$
Final Capital
January 2025
3.86%
Yearly Return
19.62%
Std Deviation
-69.68%
Max Drawdown
75months
Recovery Period
---
1 Day: ---
---
Month: ---

The Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ) ETF covers to the following investment themes:

  • Asset Class: Real Estate
  • Size: Multi Cap
  • Style: Blend
  • Region: North America
  • Country: U.S.
  • Sector: Real Estate
  • Industry: Broad Real Estate

As of January 2025, in the previous 30 Years, the Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ) ETF obtained a 9.33% compound annual return, with a 19.55% standard deviation. It suffered a maximum drawdown of -68.30% that required 65 months to be recovered.

Disclaimer: The simulations on this website are provided in good faith but should NOT be taken as investment advice. We are not liable for any errors or actions based on this information. The authors of the website are not affiliated with the ETFs/Assets issuers. Content is for informational, educational, illustrative and entertainment purposes only.
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The Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ) ETF is part of the following Lazy Portfolios:

Portfolio Name Author VNQ Weight Currency
Talmud Portfolio Roger Gibson 33.33% USD
Marc Faber Portfolio Marc Faber 25.00% USD
Ivy Portfolio Mebane Faber 20.00% USD
Lazy Portfolio David Swensen 20.00% USD
Yale Endowment David Swensen 20.00% USD
Five Asset Roger Gibson 20.00% USD
Dynamic 60/40 Income The Lazy Team 20.00% USD
One-Decision Portfolio Marvin Appel 20.00% USD
Nano Portfolio John Wasik 20.00% USD
Five Fold Scott Burns 20.00% USD
Weird Portfolio Value Stock Geek 20.00% USD
Six Ways from Sunday Scott Burns 16.66% USD
Pinwheel Tyler 15.00% USD
Late Sixties and Beyond Burton Malkiel 15.00% USD
Seven Value Scott Burns 14.25% USD
Mid-Fifties Burton Malkiel 12.50% USD
Coffeehouse Bill Schultheis 10.00% USD
Robust Alpha Architect 10.00% USD
Rob Arnott Portfolio Rob Arnott 10.00% USD
Ultimate Buy and Hold Strategy Paul Merriman 10.00% USD
Late Thirties to Early Forties Burton Malkiel 10.00% USD
Mid-Twenties Burton Malkiel 10.00% USD
Jane Bryant Quinn Portfolio Jane Bryant Quinn 10.00% USD
Sheltered Sam 100/0 Bill Bernstein 10.00% USD
Long Term Portfolio Ben Stein 10.00% USD
Simple and Cheap Time Money Inc 10.00% USD
Tilt Toward Value Time Money Inc 10.00% USD
Odd-Stats Strategy Aim Ways 10.00% USD
Sheltered Sam 90/10 Bill Bernstein 9.00% USD
7Twelve Portfolio Craig Israelsen 8.34% USD
Core Four Rick Ferri 8.00% USD
Ideal Index Frank Armstrong 8.00% USD
Sheltered Sam 80/20 Bill Bernstein 8.00% USD
Sheltered Sam 70/30 Bill Bernstein 7.00% USD
Ultimate Buy&Hold FundAdvice 6.00% USD
Big Rocks Portfolio Larry Swedroe 6.00% USD
Sheltered Sam 60/40 Bill Bernstein 6.00% USD
Coward's Portfolio Bill Bernstein 5.00% USD
Sandwich Portfolio Bob Clyatt 5.00% USD
Conservative Income Charles Schwab 5.00% USD
Gone Fishin' Portfolio Alexander Green 5.00% USD
Global Market Portfolio Credit Suisse 5.00% USD
Sheltered Sam 50/50 Bill Bernstein 5.00% USD
GAA Global Asset Allocation Mebane Faber 4.50% USD
Perfect Portfolio Ben Stein 4.00% USD
Sheltered Sam 40/60 Bill Bernstein 4.00% USD
Sheltered Sam 30/70 Bill Bernstein 3.00% USD
Sheltered Sam 20/80 Bill Bernstein 2.00% USD
Sheltered Sam 10/90 Bill Bernstein 1.00% USD
Lifepath Fund iShares 0.51% USD
Evaluate your portfolio strategy in 7 different currencies

Investment Returns as of Jan 31, 2025

The Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ) ETF guaranteed the following returns.

Returns are calculated in USD, assuming:
  • no fees or capital gain taxes.
  • dividend reinvestment, when applicable.
  • the actual US Inflation rates.
VANGUARD REAL ESTATE (VNQ) ETF
1 January 1928 - 31 January 2025 (~97 years)
Live Update: February 2025
Swipe left to see all data
  Chg (%) Return (%) Return (%) as of Jan 31, 2025
  1 Day Time ET(*) --- YTD
(1M)
1M 6M 1Y 5Y 10Y 30Y MAX
(~97Y)
Investment Return --- --- 1.65 1.65 1.98 12.22 3.06 4.52 9.33 7.03
US Inflation Adjusted Return 1.18 1.18 0.18 8.88 -1.16 1.36 6.62 3.86
Returns over 1 year are annualized
(*) Eastern Time (ET - America/New York)
The live monthly return is calculated by assuming, for each asset, the weight defined by the base asset allocation.
US Inflation is updated to Jan 2025. Inflation (annualized) is 1Y: 3.06% , 5Y: 4.27% , 10Y: 3.12% , 30Y: 2.54%

In 2024, the Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ) ETF granted a 3.85% dividend yield. If you are interested in getting periodic income, please refer to the Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ) ETF: Dividend Yield page.

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Capital Growth as of Jan 31, 2025

An investment of 1$, from February 1995 to January 2025, would be worth 14.51$, with a total return of 1350.88% (9.33% annualized).

The Inflation Adjusted Capital would be 6.84$, with a net total return of 584.14% (6.62% annualized).

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An investment of 1$, from January 1928 to January 2025, would be worth 730.52$, with a total return of 72952.16% (7.03% annualized).

The Inflation Adjusted Capital would be 39.61$, with a net total return of 3861.37% (3.86% annualized).

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Investment Metrics as of Jan 31, 2025

Metrics of Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ) ETF, updated as of 31 January 2025, provide a comprehensive overview of the portfolio's performance and risk characteristics.

These metrics include detailed data on returns, volatility, drawdowns and other key performance indicators. By examining them, you can gain insights into how the portfolio has performed over various time periods and understand its risk profile.

Metrics are calculated based on monthly returns, assuming:
  • no fees or capital gain taxes.
  • dividend reinvestment, when applicable.
  • the actual US Inflation rates.
VANGUARD REAL ESTATE (VNQ) ETF
Advanced Metrics
1 January 1928 - 31 January 2025 (~97 years)
Swipe left to see all data
Metrics as of Jan 31, 2025
YTD
(1M)
1M 3M 6M 1Y 3Y 5Y 10Y 20Y 30Y MAX
(~97Y)
Investment Return (%)
1.65 1.65 -2.89 1.98 12.22 -1.37 3.06 4.52 7.34 9.33 7.03
Growth of 1$ 1.02 1.02 0.97 1.02 1.12 0.96 1.16 1.56 4.12 14.51 730.52
Infl. Adjusted Return (%)
1.18 1.18 -4.02 0.18 8.88 -5.31 -1.16 1.36 4.64 6.62 3.86
US Inflation (%) 0.47 0.47 1.18 1.80 3.06 4.17 4.27 3.12 2.58 2.54 3.05
Returns / Inflation rates over 1 year are annualized.
DRAWDOWN
Inflation Adjusted:
Inflation Adjusted:
Current 1Y 3Y 5Y 10Y 20Y 30Y MAX
Deepest Drawdown Depth (%) -12.13 -8.37 -28.43 -32.77 -32.77 -68.30 -68.30 -68.30
Start to Recovery (# months)
37* 2* 32 37* 37* 65 65 65
Start (yyyy mm) 2024 12 2022 04 2022 01 2022 01 2007 02 2007 02 2007 02
Start to Bottom (# months) 1 19 22 22 25 25 25
Bottom (yyyy mm) 2024 12 2023 10 2023 10 2023 10 2009 02 2009 02 2009 02
Bottom to End (# months) 1 13 15 15 40 40 40
End (yyyy mm) - 2024 11 - - 2012 06 2012 06 2012 06
Longest Drawdown Depth (%) -7.94
same

same

same

same

same
-64.90
Start to Recovery (# months)
4 199
Start (yyyy mm) 2024 04 2022 04 2022 01 2022 01 2007 02 2007 02 1929 09
Start to Bottom (# months) 1 19 22 22 25 25 34
Bottom (yyyy mm) 2024 04 2023 10 2023 10 2023 10 2009 02 2009 02 1932 06
Bottom to End (# months) 3 13 15 15 40 40 165
End (yyyy mm) 2024 07 2024 11 - - 2012 06 2012 06 1946 03
Longest negative period (# months)
5* 36* 51 55 70 92 233
Start (yyyy mm) 2024 09 2022 02 2020 02 2019 04 2007 02 2001 07 1955 08
End (yyyy mm) 2025 01 2025 01 2024 04 2023 10 2012 11 2009 02 1974 12
Annualized Return (%) -7.24 -1.37 -0.20 -0.25 -0.09 -0.25 -0.04
Drawdowns / Negative periods marked with * are in progress
Deepest Drawdown Depth (%) -22.69 -8.73 -33.08 -38.61 -38.61 -69.68 -69.68 -69.68
Start to Recovery (# months)
37* 2* 34* 37* 37* 75 75 75
Start (yyyy mm) 2024 12 2022 04 2022 01 2022 01 2007 02 2007 02 2007 02
Start to Bottom (# months) 1 19 22 22 25 25 25
Bottom (yyyy mm) 2024 12 2023 10 2023 10 2023 10 2009 02 2009 02 2009 02
Bottom to End (# months) 1 15 15 15 50 50 50
End (yyyy mm) - - - - 2013 04 2013 04 2013 04
Longest Drawdown Depth (%) -8.23
same

same

same

same

same
-50.10
Start to Recovery (# months)
4 260
Start (yyyy mm) 2024 04 2022 04 2022 01 2022 01 2007 02 2007 02 1957 08
Start to Bottom (# months) 1 19 22 22 25 25 209
Bottom (yyyy mm) 2024 04 2023 10 2023 10 2023 10 2009 02 2009 02 1974 12
Bottom to End (# months) 3 15 15 15 50 50 51
End (yyyy mm) 2024 07 - - - 2013 04 2013 04 1979 03
Longest negative period (# months)
5 36* 60* 111 111 146 576
Start (yyyy mm) 2024 08 2022 02 2020 02 2015 02 2015 02 1997 01 1928 01
End (yyyy mm) 2024 12 2025 01 2025 01 2024 04 2024 04 2009 02 1975 12
Annualized Return (%) -2.36 -5.31 -1.16 -0.05 -0.05 -0.22 -0.07
Drawdowns / Negative periods marked with * are in progress
RISK INDICATORS
1Y 3Y 5Y 10Y 20Y 30Y MAX
Standard Deviation (%) 16.86 21.07 21.68 18.03 22.01 19.55 19.62
Sharpe Ratio 0.42 -0.25 0.03 0.16 0.27 0.36 0.19
Sortino Ratio 0.51 -0.36 0.04 0.22 0.35 0.48 0.27
Ulcer Index 4.01 15.73 17.02 12.88 18.53 15.86 18.57
Ratio: Return / Standard Deviation 0.72 -0.07 0.14 0.25 0.33 0.48 0.36
Ratio: Return / Deepest Drawdown 1.46 -0.05 0.09 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.10
Positive Months (%)
75.00 52.77 60.00 57.50 59.58 61.66 57.93
Positive Months 9 19 36 69 143 222 675
Negative Months 3 17 24 51 97 138 490
LONG TERM RETURNS
Inflation Adjusted:
Inflation Adjusted:
1Y 3Y 5Y 10Y 20Y 30Y MAX
Best 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized 4.52 18.35 18.35 23.58
Worst 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized 4.33 3.15 -5.70
Best 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized 1.36 16.25 16.25 16.25
Worst 10 Years Return (%) - Annualized 1.36 0.54 -5.44
TIMEFRAMES
Inflation Adjusted:
Inflation Adjusted:
1M 3M 6M 1Y 3Y 5Y 10Y 20Y 30Y MAX
··· As of Jan 2025 - Over the previous 30Y
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized 110.54 43.49 29.54 18.35 11.81 9.33
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized -58.17 -25.03 -8.74 3.15 6.77
Positive Periods (%) 75.3 85.8 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized 105.83 39.99 26.93 16.25 9.35 6.62
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized -57.99 -26.57 -11.03 0.54 4.11
Positive Periods (%) 69.6 76.0 84.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
95% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative
8.37 13.35 17.28 20.17 28.82 1.11 0.00 0.00
95% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%) 10.71 17.40 23.01 38.74 41.56 12.32 0.00 0.00
99% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative
12.22 20.01 26.69 48.92 45.42 17.61 0.00 0.00
99% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%) 14.66 24.25 32.69 57.59 57.64 36.14 0.00 0.00
Short term VaRs: analytical | 1+ year VaRs: historical data
Safe Withdrawal Rate (%) 56.98 19.84 12.78 7.95 7.31 9.08
Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (%) --- --- --- 0.85 4.05 7.75
% based on initial capital, inflation-adj. monthly withdrawals afterwards | Credits: BestRetirementPortfolio.com
··· All available data (Jan 1928 - Jan 2025)
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized 114.31 43.49 29.54 23.58 16.14 15.45
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized -58.17 -25.90 -12.64 -5.70 0.23 2.11
Positive Periods (%) 71.0 81.6 89.1 94.6 100.0 100.0
Best Rolling Return (%) - Annualized 129.50 39.99 26.93 16.25 10.13 10.53
Worst Rolling Return (%) - Annualized -57.99 -26.57 -11.03 -5.44 -3.04 -0.88
Positive Periods (%) 62.7 67.9 72.8 81.5 92.3 96.8
95% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative
8.59 13.95 18.46 17.15 21.17 15.21 3.09 0.00 0.00
95% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%) 10.94 18.03 24.22 28.80 33.93 28.69 19.28 0.00 0.00
99% VaR - Value at Risk (%) - Cumulative
12.45 20.64 27.91 38.55 42.74 36.60 27.36 0.00 0.00
99% CVaR - Conditional Value at Risk (%) 14.91 24.90 33.93 48.70 51.36 43.89 35.46 0.00 0.00
Short term VaRs: analytical | 1+ year VaRs: historical data
Safe Withdrawal Rate (%) 56.98 19.84 12.78 7.26 3.83 2.81
Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (%) --- --- --- --- --- ---
% based on initial capital, inflation-adj. monthly withdrawals afterwards | Credits: BestRetirementPortfolio.com
Terms and Definitions
  • Annualized Portfolio Return: it's the annualized geometric mean return of the portfolio.
  • Deepest/Longest Drawdown: a drawdown refers to the decline in value from a relative peak value to a relative trough. The deepest (or maximum) drawdown is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained. The longest drawdown is the period observed from a peak to the subsequent peak with the greatest duration.
  • Longest negative period: it's the maximum period for which an overall negative return has been observed.
  • Standard Deviation: it's a measure of the dispersion of returns around the mean.
  • Sharpe Ratio: it's a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It's calculated by dividing the excess return of the portfolio over the risk-free rate by the portfolio standard deviation. The risk-free rate here considered is the 1-3 Mth T-Bill return.
  • Sortino Ratio: another measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It's a modification of the Sharpe Ratio (same formula but the denominator is the portfolio downside standard deviation).
  • Ulcer Index: it's a measure of downside risk that quantifies the depth and duration of drawdowns in an investment portfolio.
  • Best/Worst 10Y returns: the best and the worst 10-year return over a time frame.
  • Rolling Returns: N-year returns over a time frame, calculated over all the available data source (best, worst, % of positive returns). Each rolling period, longer than the longest negative period, yielded a non-negative minimum return.
  • Value at Risk (VaR): it's an evaluation of a cumulative worst-case loss (in absolute value), associated with a probability (95%-99%) and a time horizon. For short term, it's calculated based on the expected return and standard deviation, assuming a normal distribution of monthly returns. For long term is retrieved by the historical rolling return data.
  • Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR): it represents the average expected loss if that worst-case threshold (95%-99%) is ever crossed.
  • Safe Withdrawal Rate (SWR): it's the percentage of the initial portfolio balance that can be withdrawn at the beginning of each month with inflation adjustment, without the portfolio running out of money in any case (money amount withdrawal).
    For instance: Your initial invested capital is 100.000$; withdrawal rate (annualized) is 4%. This means that, in the first month, you will withdraw 100.000 * 4% * 1/12 = 333.33$. The second month, you’ll withdraw 333.33$ plus the inflation monthly rate. You’ll continue adjusting your withdraw monthly for inflation.
  • Perpetual Withdrawal Rate (PWR): it's the percentage of the initial portfolio balance that can be withdrawn at the beginning of each month with inflation adjustment, preserving the original invested capital, adjusted for inflation too.
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Correlations as of Jan 31, 2025

Correlation measures to what degree the returns of two assets move in relation to each other. It is a statistical measure that describes the extent to which the returns of one asset are related to the returns of another asset.

The following table shows the monthly correlations of Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ) ETF vs the main Asset Classes, over different timeframes. Columns are sortable (click on table header to sort).

VANGUARD REAL ESTATE (VNQ) ETF
Monthly correlations as of 31 January 2025
Swipe left to see all data
Correlation vs VNQ
Asset Class 1 Year 5 Years 10 Years 30 Years
VTI
US Total Stock Market 0.80 0.89 0.78 0.64
SPY
US Large Cap Blend 0.78 0.88 0.78 0.61
IJH
US Mid Cap Blend 0.80 0.89 0.79 0.68
IJR
US Small Cap Blend 0.81 0.85 0.74 0.66
QQQ
US Technology 0.47 0.74 0.64 0.39
PFF
US Preferred Stocks 0.88 0.83 0.77 0.53
EFA
EAFE Stocks 0.71 0.84 0.70 0.61
VT
World All Countries 0.85 0.90 0.77 0.62
EEM
Emerging Markets 0.41 0.70 0.56 0.53
BND
US Total Bond Market 0.88 0.66 0.60 0.34
TLT
US Long Term Treasuries 0.95 0.45 0.42 0.12
BIL
US Cash 0.25 -0.06 -0.03 -0.01
TIP
US TIPS 0.85 0.71 0.65 0.34
LQD
US Invest. Grade Bonds 0.89 0.76 0.71 0.46
HYG
US High Yield Bonds 0.92 0.81 0.71 0.69
CWB
US Convertible Bonds 0.80 0.77 0.70 0.61
BNDX
International Bonds 0.83 0.66 0.61 0.31
EMB
Emerg. Market Bonds 0.92 0.81 0.71 0.52
GLD
Gold 0.16 0.28 0.19 0.14
DBC
Commodities -0.55 0.40 0.25 0.25
Terms and Definitions
Correlation values range between -1 and +1
  • A correlation of +1 indicates that the returns of the two assets move in perfect synchrony; when one asset's returns go up, the other asset's returns also go up by the same percentage, and vice versa. This perfect positive correlation implies that the assets perform similarly in different market conditions.
  • A correlation of -1 indicates a perfect inverse relationship between the returns of the two assets. When one asset's returns go up, the other asset's returns go down by the same percentage. This perfect negative correlation suggests that the assets move in opposite directions, providing a diversification benefit by reducing overall portfolio risk.
  • A correlation of 0 means that there is no linear relationship between the returns of the two assets. The returns of one asset do not predict the returns of the other.
Learn about historical correlations here: see how the main asset classes relate to each other.

Drawdowns

A drawdown refers to the decline in value from a relative peak value to a relative trough. A maximum drawdown is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained.

VANGUARD REAL ESTATE (VNQ) ETF
Drawdown periods
Drawdown periods - Inflation Adjusted
1 February 1995 - 31 January 2025 (30 Years)
1 January 1928 - 31 January 2025 (~97 years)
Inflation Adjusted:

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Rolling Returns

For a detailed rolling return analysis, click here
Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ) ETF: Rolling Returns

A rolling return is a measure of investment performance that calculates the return of an investment over a set period of time, with the starting date rolling forward. This approach can provide a more accurate representation of the investment's historical performance and helps investors to evaluate the investment's consistency over time.

VANGUARD REAL ESTATE (VNQ) ETF
Annualized Rolling Returns
Annualized Rolling Returns - Inflation Adjusted
1 February 1995 - 31 January 2025 (30 Years)
1 January 1928 - 31 January 2025 (~97 years)
Inflation Adjusted:

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The values shown for the rolling periods represent key statistical points: the minimum, maximum, median, and the 15th and 85th percentiles. These percentiles give insight into the distribution of the data, indicating the range within which the central 70% of the values lie, while the median represents the middle value.

Seasonality

In which months is it better to invest in Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ) ETF?

Both the Average Return and the Gain Frequency (Win %) are useful to get an idea of what happened in the past. They are retrieved considering the time period from January 1928 to January 2025.

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For further information about the seasonality, check the Asset Class Seasonality page.

Monthly Returns

This section provides a visual/tabular representation of the performance variability in the Vanguard Real Estate (VNQ) ETF over time. It illustrates the distribution of monthly returns, showcasing the range and frequency of positive and negative returns.

VANGUARD REAL ESTATE (VNQ) ETF
Monthly Returns Distribution
1 February 1995 - 31 January 2025 (30 Years)
1 January 1928 - 31 January 2025 (~97 years)
222 Positive Months (62%) - 138 Negative Months (38%)
675 Positive Months (58%) - 490 Negative Months (42%)

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Methodology

Returns, up to December 2004, have been derived using the historical series of equivalent ETFs / Assets.
You can find additional information on extended Data Sources here.

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